Steam-turbine



PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904."

s. N. SMITH.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLI OAT ION FILED APR. 9, 1903.

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PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904.

'S. N. SMITH. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 9, 1903.

3 SHEBTS-SHEET 2.

No MODEL.

No. 749,885, PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904.

s-. N. SMITH.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION TILED APR. 9, 19Q3.

N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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iatented January 19, 1904.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SOMMERS N. SMITH, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-TURBINE.

\ SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Pateiit No. 749,885 dated alnuary 19, 1904.

Application ne Apsl 9,1903. Serial No. 151,884. (No model.)

FoaZZ whom it may cancer-1w Be it knownthat I, SoMMERs N. SMITH, a

citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification My invention relates to steam-turbines; and it consists of a novelarrangement ofparts of such form of steam-engine, whereby Iamehabledto simplifythe construction andat the same time produce apractical and efiicient motor. I a

My invention is fully shown in the accompanying drawings, in which.- 1

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of my improved turbine, taken on the line a (4, Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional View on the line 6?), Fig, 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 0 0, Fig. 1. Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional half-views "similar to Fig.

1, illustrating modifications ofmy invention; and Figs. 6, 7 and8.are views of details of my invention.

In the accompanying drawings, 1 1 represent pedestals, in which bearings 2 of the floating type are arranged for the. shaft 3. This shaft carries a spider 4, connected thereto by any suitable means, as keys 5, the whole representing the moving member of the turbine. This spider (shown in Fig. 1) has a series of annular ribs 6, arranged in pairs and increasing in diameter from the stem-inlet end to the exhaust end of the turbine in such proportion as the expansion of steam may require, the space between the arms increasing in the same ratio, and upon these arms aremounted annular plates 7 between which are carried blades 8, set in grooves 9 in said plates, the whole forming an annular range of buckets. 1 The manner of securing these blades inv place is fully shown and described in a companionapplication. These plates 7 may be shrunk onto the ribs of the spider or maybe .keyed or, if desired, may have retaining-plates secured to the ribs of said spiderinthe manner shown and described inacompanion application filed March 30, 1903, Serial No. 150,161.

The ribs noted are arranged in pairs, one of each pair having a solid wall, while the adjoiningone is apertured at regular intervals, as at 1 0,- for the passage of steam from one set of moving buckets to an adjoining compartment, from whence it passes to the next set of moving buckets, and so on throughout the structure. .The shell or casing forvthis moving member comprises .the half-sections 11 and 12, each of which has the same inter .nal contour, the lower section 12 beingfprovided with a base member13. These sections are secured together at the center in aline parallel to the center of the shaft and are provided with flanges 14, which may be fastened in any well-knownmanner. Each of these sections carries .aseries of half-rings or. segments 15, arranged in pairs and registering with the annular rings carrying the ranges-of moving buckets, one member of each pairjof rings having apertures 16 for the passage of steam, and between these half-rings blades 17 are seated in grooves 18, formed in the same. These blades form the fixed ranges of guides I for directing the steam to the ranges 'ofrotating buckets- The half-rings or segments are mounted in grooves 19, formed in the wall of the half-sections 11 and 12 of the casing and are preferably forced into place, although they may be secured in any other or well-known manner. 1

.The bearings carried by the casing for the shaft are shown at 20 and are provided with a series of. grooves 21, into which water or other fluid may be passed. for the purpose. of providing a seal if the engineis running non- .condensing and to prevent leakage ofair into the casing if the engine is running asa condenser- Steam enters the annular chamber 25 at the end of the casing from the inlets 26 and passes through. the nozzles 27, formed in the annular web 28, and thence to the guides, and by them diverted to the first range of movingbuckets. In exhausting it passes first to the chamber 29,.thence through the next series of guides .and buckets to the chamber 30,thence through the next series of guides and buckets to .the chamber 31, thence through the nextseries of guides. and buckets tothe chamber 82, and thence through the last series of guides and buckets to the exhaust-chamber 33, passing number of expansions required of the steam, I

and the annular chambers between said guides, blades, and buckets increase in volume in the same proportion.

In Fig. 1 the moving member comprises a spider having integral ribs 6, onto which the annular rings carrying the ranges of buckets areforced or shrunk. In Figs. 4 and 5 I have shown modified means of forming the moving member.

As shown in Fig. 4, a sleeve 4 is provided, fitting the shaft 3 and secured thereto by means of a key or spline 5". This sleeve is substantially the same diameter from end to end and is provided with faced projections 6, onto which the rings or plates 7 a are forced or shrunk. These plates are preferably secured together by bolts 40, as shown in detail view, Fig. 6, and spacing-sleeves 41 are preferably carried by these bolts. In the structure shown in Fig. 5 a plain shaft 3 is employed having a feather or spline running from end to end of the same. The rings or plates 7*, carrying the ranges of buckets, have an internal opening fitting this shaft, and they are spaced apart by theseparate collars or hub members 42. Between the pairs of plates carrying the buckets spacing collars or members 43 are carried. All of these parts are secured together against lateral displacement by bolts 44, passing from end to end of the structure and fastened by nuts 45.

In Figs. 7 and 8 are shown sectional views of the rings or plates carrying the buckets or blades, showing the manner of setting and securing the same in place. This construction and arrangement is precisely similar to that shown in my application before referred to. In Fig. 7 the plates 7 are shown, having the grooves 9, in which the buckets or blades 8 are seated. These grooves are cut through at the point 46, and each blade 8 carries projec tions 47 to fit the same. This construction prevents any disarrangement of the blades. In Fig. 8 the plates or segments 15 are shown, having grooves 18 for the reception of the blades 17. These blades are secured in place in place in the manner shown in Fig. 7. At certain points, however, it may be desirable to tie the plates 7 and 15, and for this purpose I the blades will have projections 48 at each side arranged to fit apertures 49 in the plates 7 or 15 and then be riveted over on the outside.

The structure shown in Figs. 7 and 8 herein is not claimed, as it is claimed in my prior application filed March 30, 1903, Serial No.

In all of the forms of structures shown and described an annular steam-chamber 50 is erases formed between the ranges of guide-blades and the casing, and an annular steam-exhaust chamber 51 is formed between the wall of the spider or equivalent member and the annular range of buckets.

Having thus described my invention,I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The combinationin a steam-turbine, of the casing made in halves and suitably secured together, segmental ring-sections secured in pairs to said half-sections of the casing, the latter being grooved to receive the said sections, guide-blades secured between said segmental ring-sections, the latter being grooved to receive said blades, a shaft, a spider mounted thereon and inclosed by said casing,a series of annular plates arranged in pairs and carried by said'spider, a series of buckets secured between said annular plates and registering with the guide-blades carried by the casing, and means for directing steam to said blades and buckets.

2. In a steam-turbine, the combination of the casing made in halves and suitably secured together, a series of segmental ring-sections arranged in pairs and carried by said casing, the latter being grooved to receive said sections, guide-blades secured between said segments atthe inner edge of the same, a shaft, a spider carried by said shaft, a series of annular plates arranged in pairs and carried by said spider, and a series of buckets held between said rings, the plates of the spider registering with the segmental ring-sections of the casing whereby the ranges of fixed and movable buckets or blades are disposed in line 'with each other, said guide-blades and segmental ring-sections and said buckets and spider being of such size and so disposed as to form annular chambers on opposite sides of the registering buckets and blades, and said segmental ringsections and spider having apertures disposed at suitable intervals for the admission and passage of steam from one chamber to the next.

3. In a steam-turbine, the combination of the casing carrying rings in pairs, guideblades secured between said rings, the latter being grooved for the purpose, a shaft, a spider carried by said shaft, and having a series of annular ribs or shoulders arranged in pairs, annular rings secured to said ribs or shoulders, buckets carried between said rings, the latter being grooved for the purpose, and means for directing steam to said blades and for passing such steam to the successive ranges of blades and buckets.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SOMMERS N. SMITH.

Witnesses:

MURRAY 0. BOYER, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

